Articles de cette rubrique

• XVII.1 On political servitude

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  Political servitude depends no less on the nature of the climate than do civil and domestic servitude, as we shall show.

• XVII.2 The difference among peoples with respect to courage

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  We have already said that intense heat enervated men’s strength and courage, and that in cold climates a certain strength of body and mind made men capable of extended, hard, great, and daring acts. We observe this not only from one nation to another, but also between different parts of a single (…)

• XVII.3 On the climate of Asia

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  The relations tell us that the north of Asia, that vast continent that extends from about the fortieth degree to the pole and from the borders of Muscovy to the Oriental Sea, is in a very cold climate ; that this immense terrain is divided from west to east by a chain of mountains that leaves (…)

• XVII.4 The consequence of this

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  What we have just said accords with the events of history. Asia has been subjugated thirteen times : eleven times by peoples of the north, twice by peoples of the south. In remote times the Scythians conquered it thrice ; then the Medes and the Persians, once each ; the Greeks, the Arabs, the (…)

• XVII.5 That when the peoples of northern Asia and those of northern Europe have conquered, the effects of the conquest were not the same

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  The peoples of northern Europe conquered it as free men ; the peoples of northern north Asia conquered it as slaves, and have vanquished only for a master.
  The reason is that the Tartar people, the natural conquerors of Asia, have themselves become enslaved. They conquer repeatedly in the (…)

• XVII.6 Another physical cause of the servitude of Asia and the liberty of Europe

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  In Asia there have always been great empires ; in Europe they have never managed to survive. That is because the Asia we know has vaster plains ; it is cut into larger sections by the mountains and seas ; and since it is more southerly, the streams more readily go dry, the mountains are covered (…)

• XVII.7 On Africa and America

  6 septembre 2018, par Stewart

  That is what I have to say about Asia and Europe. Africa is in a climate like that of southern Asia, and she is in the same servitude. America, [1] destroyed and newly repopulated by the nations of Europe and Africa, today can hardly show its own genius ; but what we know of its former history (…)